Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block and Its Complications
摘要
The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is one of the most commonly used anaesthetic techniques that clinicians utilize in their daily practice. Complications associated with IANB vary from being common to rare and include pain and trismus produced by insertion or by the withdrawal of the needle (Smyth and Marley 2010; Wright 2011), needle breakage (Ethunandan et al. 2007), and facial paralysis caused by inadvertent deposition of local anaesthesia (Chevalier et al. 2010; Tzermpos et al. 2012). Hematoma may also develop due to the damage of blood vessels, as well as following the intravascular disturbance. Ptosis and extraocular muscle paralysis (Yoon and Chussid 2012), aphonia (He and Chen 2012), necrosis of the skin of the chin (Torrente-Castells et al. 2008), diplopia, and abducent nerve palsy were also reported as complications following IANB (Surej Kumar et al. 2010; Choi et al. 2009).