Surgical removal of mandibular third molars is one of the most common procedures performed by oral maxillofacial surgeons. While there are a myriad of indications for the removal of mandibular third molars, the most common diagnosis is pericoronitis (McArdle et al. 2018). Pericoronitis is a recurrent infection around the third molar in its attempt to erupt against soft and bony tissues. Signs and symptoms of pericoronitis may include pain, foul taste, swelling in soft tissue or face, and trismus. In more serious cases, this infection can spread and result in lymphadenopathy or swelling that progresses to threaten the airway and involve the submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces (Fig. 21.1). Other common indications for third molar extractions include non-restorable tooth due to caries, fracture, caries or resorption of adjacent tooth, and pulpal and periapical pathology. Surgery is commonly associated with short-term postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus. Less frequently, infection, alveolar osteitis, trigeminal nerve injuries, and fracture of the mandible may occur (Bailey et al. 2020). While some complications such as infection and development of alveolar osteitis are related to patient comorbidities and social factors, proper surgical technique can minimize rarer complications such as iatrogenic injuries to the trigeminal nerve and its branches as well as fractures.