Parent materialGeology is a crucial factor in soil formationSoil formation, influenced significantly by geological features. In Korea, regional differences in soil formationSoil formation, classification, and characteristics are tied to the geological chronology and the properties of rocks formed during these periods. The Korean Peninsula showcases a balanced distribution of igneous (35%), metamorphic (40%), and sedimentary rocksSedimentary rock(s) (25%), with granite and gneiss being prominent. The tectonic provinces are categorized into massifs and sedimentary basins. Massifs like Nangrim, Gyeonggi, and Yeongnam primarily contain Precambrian metamorphic rocksMetamorphic rock(s) and Mesozoic granites, while sedimentary basins, such as Pyongnam and Taebaeksan, consist of Paleozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary rocksSedimentary rock(s). Igneous rocksIgneous rock(s) are divided into plutonic rocksPlutonic rock(s), formed from solidified underground magma, and volcanic rocksVolcanic rock(s), from surface eruptions. Plutonic rocksPlutonic rock(s) are largely Mesozoic granite, while volcanic rocksVolcanic rock(s) include basalt and rhyolite from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Sedimentary rocksSedimentary rock(s) in Korea are represented by formations like the Paleozoic Joseon and Pyeongan Supergroups, with limestone, shale, sandstone, and coal deposits as key features. Metamorphic rocksMetamorphic rock(s), originating from Precambrian and Paleozoic eras, include gneiss, schist, and marble, prevalent in massifs and basins. These geological formations underpin the diverse soil characteristics found across Korea, catering to varied agricultural and ecological needs.