One of the most common neurological disorders in children is migraine, which often leads to significant physical and cognitive impairments. Neuroimaging techniques are valuable in understanding the underlying pathophysiology and identifying potential biomarkers, despite the clinical diagnosis of pediatric migraine being mainly clinical. The purpose of this review is to discuss the significance of advanced neuroimaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, in pediatric migraine. Studies have identified structural and functional changes in key brain regions involved in migraine pathogenesis. In addition, pediatric migraine patients have shown abnormal cortical structure and altered functional connectivity, which provides insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of the disorder. Neuroimaging can help distinguish between primary and secondary headache disorders. Routine imaging is not recommended for pediatric headache except in situations with red flags, such as neurological deficits or abnormal neurological examinations. The use of imaging biomarkers in clinical practice and the refinement of neuroimaging protocols require additional research. Advances in imaging technologies could not only enhance diagnostic accuracy but also help develop targeted therapies for pediatric migraine.