Examining the widespread problem of sexual harassment and violence against women in India, this study highlights the legal frameworks and historical background put in place to fight these crimes. Women's safety and equality are undermined by the pervasiveness of harassment in society even with great progress made in women's rights, such as the Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act of 2013 and the latest changes made to criminal legislation under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Act of 2023. With a focus on the social and psychological fallout, the study examines the different types of harassment that women experience in both public and private settings. Low conviction rates are a result of structural flaws in the legal and law enforcement systems as demonstrated by a thorough data assessment that highlights the concerning rates of recorded crimes against women. The study also addresses the effects of social perceptions of gender roles and insufficient safety infrastructure which worsen women's vulnerability especially in urban settings. Case studies highlight the critical need for changes in society attitudes and policy as demonstrated by the sad event involving a trainee physician. In order to change cultural beliefs, the conclusion calls for a variety of comprehensive approaches such as better enforcement of current laws, more women in law enforcement and community participation.