Environmental economicsEnvironmental economics integrates ecological and economic perspectives to address sustainabilitySustainability challenges, focusing on valuing ecosystem servicesEcosystem services and advancing green technologies. This chapter delves into the theoretical underpinnings of environmental economicsEnvironmental economics, emphasizing its role in assessing ecosystem servicesEcosystem services’ economic value and informing sustainable policySustainable policies decisions. It highlights ecosystem servicesEcosystem services’ classification and valuation methods, including contingent valuationContingent Valuation Method (CVM), cost-benefit analysis, and market-based approaches, supported by real-world case studies. Additionally, the chapter explores economic instrumentsEconomic instruments for environmental managementEnvironmental management, such as carbon pricingCarbon pricing, emission trading schemesEmission Trading Schemes (ETS), and subsidies for green technologies, showcasing their potential to align economic growthGrowth, economic vs. ecological with ecological preservation. The discussion extends to green technologies as pivotal drivers of economic sustainabilityEconomic sustainability. Examples include renewable energyRenewable energy, energy-efficient systems, and sustainable agricultural practices, all contributing to job creationJob creation in green sectors, reduced operational costs, and resilience against climate changeClimate change. Cost-benefit analyses underscore the long-term economic advantages of green innovationsInnovation in sustainability despite higher initial investments. Financing mechanismsFinancing mechanisms, green likeBonds, green green bondsGreen bonds and public-private partnershipsPartnerships for sustainability are also explored as enablers for adopting sustainable practicesSustainable practices. Challenges such as equity, access, and limitations in valuation techniquesValuation techniques, ecosystem services are critically analyzed, emphasizing the need for integrating ecological considerations into economic frameworks. The chapter concludes with future directions, advocating for natural capitalNatural capital accounting, interdisciplinary approachesInterdisciplinary approaches, and innovative green financing. By synthesizing economic and ecological insights, the chapter aims to provide actionable strategies for achieving sustainable developmentSustainable development while addressing pressing environmental and economic issues.

Environmental Economics: Valuing Ecosystem Services and Green Technologies

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发表日期：

2025年

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Matthew Chidozie Ogwu,
Enoch Akwasi Kosoe

摘要

Environmental economicsEnvironmental economics integrates ecological and economic perspectives to address sustainabilitySustainability challenges, focusing on valuing ecosystem servicesEcosystem services and advancing green technologies. This chapter delves into the theoretical underpinnings of environmental economicsEnvironmental economics, emphasizing its role in assessing ecosystem servicesEcosystem services’ economic value and informing sustainable policySustainable policies decisions. It highlights ecosystem servicesEcosystem services’ classification and valuation methods, including contingent valuationContingent Valuation Method (CVM), cost-benefit analysis, and market-based approaches, supported by real-world case studies. Additionally, the chapter explores economic instrumentsEconomic instruments for environmental managementEnvironmental management, such as carbon pricingCarbon pricing, emission trading schemesEmission Trading Schemes (ETS), and subsidies for green technologies, showcasing their potential to align economic growthGrowth, economic vs. ecological with ecological preservation. The discussion extends to green technologies as pivotal drivers of economic sustainabilityEconomic sustainability. Examples include renewable energyRenewable energy, energy-efficient systems, and sustainable agricultural practices, all contributing to job creationJob creation in green sectors, reduced operational costs, and resilience against climate changeClimate change. Cost-benefit analyses underscore the long-term economic advantages of green innovationsInnovation in sustainability despite higher initial investments. Financing mechanismsFinancing mechanisms, green likeBonds, green green bondsGreen bonds and public-private partnershipsPartnerships for sustainability are also explored as enablers for adopting sustainable practicesSustainable practices. Challenges such as equity, access, and limitations in valuation techniquesValuation techniques, ecosystem services are critically analyzed, emphasizing the need for integrating ecological considerations into economic frameworks. The chapter concludes with future directions, advocating for natural capitalNatural capital accounting, interdisciplinary approachesInterdisciplinary approaches, and innovative green financing. By synthesizing economic and ecological insights, the chapter aims to provide actionable strategies for achieving sustainable developmentSustainable development while addressing pressing environmental and economic issues.