Underground mines are arduous work environments, where worker safety needs to be improved through the implementation of new mining technology. Better integration of workers with technology and the complex systems in an underground mine can help improving the safety and productivity of workers. To facilitate this integration, the paper presents a holonic architecture for a Human Cyber-Physical System (HCPS) to improve worker safety in underground mines. The HCPS aims to monitor and inform decisions concerning each worker’s health and safety, while enabling the coordination of workers in the execution of mining operations. This paper applies a systems engineering approach to develop the architecture requirements and develops the architecture using the Activity-Resource-Type-Instance (ARTI) reference architecture and holonic design principles. An illustrative example is presented to show how the developed HCPS would perform the monitoring and coordination of workers in an underground mine.