Inadequate access to potable water is a major problem for 2.2 billion people and related financial challenges are daunting. This paper studies the performance of a microcredit initiative in India implemented by the charity Water.org which disburses loans to low-income borrowers to improve their access to potable water. Due to the complexity of such initiatives, we suggest to employ a holistic indicator named “human right to drinking water” (HRDW) based on five criteria: Acceptability, Accessibility, Affordability, Availability, and Water Quality. Literature dealing with both the HRDW and microcredit for water is limited; the fact that Water.org granted us access to borrowers’ responses to its detailed surveys allowed us to assess how households’ situations evolve. Using this framework, we analyzed the responses of more than 2100 borrowers to questions directly related to the aforementioned criteria. We observed that the living conditions of the majority of them improved. There is still room to improve this study and further data availability would be appreciated. This research represents a starting point for discussion to widen perspectives on a topic that deserves a better understanding for the benefit of sustainable development, given that this initiative shows potential for growth in emerging economies.