Safe drinking water is hard to find in most parts of the world today. For this purpose, Nanoclay materials have emerged as particularly promising candidates for tackling this challenge. This chapter is devoted to the identification of various opportunities for using nanoclays in water purification with regard to adsorption and antimicrobial functions, as well as future solutions for sustainable water treatment. When combining the unique properties of nanoclays, researchers and engineers can deliver effective and affordable solutions for clean water for people worldwide.