Natural nanoclays are a group of nanomaterials that have attracted much interest because of their sustainable source and specific structural and property profile. This chapter summarizes the basic structure and properties of the natural nanoclays and their application in different fields. While discussing mineral composition, it also focuses on the outstanding characteristics of nanoclays, including mechanical character, thermal stability, and adsorption features. With references to a rich choice of related works discussed in this chapter, it can be considered a relatively brief but versatile overview of the wide variety of nanoclays and their roles in the field of nanomaterials science.