Safety from fire is a critical issue in several fields, including the construction, electronics, and the transport sector. As it will be demonstrated, conventional flame retardants (FRs) provide a measure of fire retardance, yet many present environmental and health hazards. More recently, nanoclay has been identified as FR and has generated much interest because of its versatility and the possibility of offering excellent fire resistance. The current chapter gives detailed information on using nanoclay in polymer composites as FRs. Additionally, the chapter deals with the function of nanoclay's type and loading level, the methods used in the dispersion of nanoclay onto the polymer matrix, and the synergistic influence on flame retardance for individual end-use applications. The chapter also includes information about safety concerns, regulations, and eco-effects of nanoclay-based FRs. Thus, the current chapter summarizes the use of nanoclay as FRs in polymer composites and describes their abilities to enhance fire resistance while considering environmental and human health problems. As a result, it is beneficial for researchers, engineers, and other professionals in materials science, fire prevention, and related disciplines to refer to it and learn how to develop new technologies for better fire protection.