The pursuit of sustainable development has become critical in tackling the urgent environmental concerns that governments confront across the world. In this aspect, the circular economy has emerged as a possible paradigm for achieving environmental sustainability while also stimulating economic growth. India, with its growing population and rapid economic expansion faces tremendous challenges with regards to waste management and sustainable resource usage. Traditional linear economic models which follow take-make-dispose policy have resulted in widespread resource depletion, environmental damage, and social inequality. However, the circular economy represents a paradigm change by giving emphasis on reduction, reuse, recycling, and regeneration of materials and products. The objective of the paper is to investigates the relevance of circular economy solutions in the context of India, emphasizing on how they could assist in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Such as SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action) and the green development agenda set during its G20 presidency. India, with a population of over 1.43 billion, faces climate change challenges and must achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2070. Climate technology firms could play a crucial role in this transformation, but a significant investment of over US$1 trillion is required by 2030. India’s diversified business environment and rapidly developing industrial sector make it an attractive case study for sustainability transition. India can lead the global Circular Economy movement by focusing on product design, new materials, digital technologies, industrial symbiosis, recycling, and circular business models. The study explores the potential of a circular economy model in India’s green development agenda and sustainable development goals. It reveals that transitioning to this model offers benefits such as increased resource efficiency, reduced environmental harm, and economic growth. India is at a critical moment to adopt circular economy concepts, which could address environmental issues and promote fair and sustainable development. Efforts like waste-to-energy projects, eco-design practices, producer responsibility initiatives, and remanufacturing and recycling sectors could shift India’s economy towards a more sustainable future. Using case studies and best practices from India, it will further analyze multiple aspects of circular economy implementation in India, including regulatory frameworks, technology developments, institutional processes and waste management practices to improve resource efficiency, minimize waste output, creating new economic opportunities and encourage sustainable consumption habits. In conclusion, this study argues that embracing the principles of the circular economy is critical for India to accomplish its green development agenda, SDGs commitments and promoting inclusive growth.