This study reexamines the Resultative→Perfect→Perfective (RPP) path based on Semitic data. In Condoravdi and Deo (2014, Aspect shifts in Indo-Aryan and trajectories of semantic change. In V. Gast (Ed.), Language change at the syntax-semantics interface (pp. 261–292). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton), a semantics for each stage is given for the Sanskrit -ta form, which appears to be restricted in stage 1 to resultative predicates. However, the stage 2 Akkadian parVs form allows for pure stative readings which are not captured in the semantics given by Condoravdi and Deo for the Sanskrit -ta form. The cognate form in Biblical Hebrew, the qatal form, has developed into stage 3 and displays all the perfect readings along with the perfective and pure state readings. Based on the data as found in Semitic, I suggest a more fine-grained typology for forms that develop along the RPP path: some forms are better characterized as developing along a path from Stative→Perfect→Perfective. I compare the Semitic data to the leluka form in Ancient Greek, which I suggest is also better characterized as developing from a stative, though with a slightly different range of meanings. Finally, I suggest that the readings of the Semitic forms are best accounted for by appealing to the meanings of the predicates with which the aspectual operators combine, similar to Portner’s (2003, Linguistics and Philosophy, 26, 459–510) solution for the perfect readings. While Condoravdi and Deo’s analysis of stage 2 of Sanskrit -ta is a version of the extended now analysis of the perfect, stage 2 of the Akkadian parVs form appears closer to stative analyses of the perfect.

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The Stative to Perfective Path in Semitic and in Typological Perspective

  • Kevin Grasso

摘要

This study reexamines the Resultative→Perfect→Perfective (RPP) path based on Semitic data. In Condoravdi and Deo (2014, Aspect shifts in Indo-Aryan and trajectories of semantic change. In V. Gast (Ed.), Language change at the syntax-semantics interface (pp. 261–292). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton), a semantics for each stage is given for the Sanskrit -ta form, which appears to be restricted in stage 1 to resultative predicates. However, the stage 2 Akkadian parVs form allows for pure stative readings which are not captured in the semantics given by Condoravdi and Deo for the Sanskrit -ta form. The cognate form in Biblical Hebrew, the qatal form, has developed into stage 3 and displays all the perfect readings along with the perfective and pure state readings. Based on the data as found in Semitic, I suggest a more fine-grained typology for forms that develop along the RPP path: some forms are better characterized as developing along a path from Stative→Perfect→Perfective. I compare the Semitic data to the leluka form in Ancient Greek, which I suggest is also better characterized as developing from a stative, though with a slightly different range of meanings. Finally, I suggest that the readings of the Semitic forms are best accounted for by appealing to the meanings of the predicates with which the aspectual operators combine, similar to Portner’s (2003, Linguistics and Philosophy, 26, 459–510) solution for the perfect readings. While Condoravdi and Deo’s analysis of stage 2 of Sanskrit -ta is a version of the extended now analysis of the perfect, stage 2 of the Akkadian parVs form appears closer to stative analyses of the perfect.