This chapter offers an in-depth anatomical and clinical framework for BoNT-A injections targeting crow’s feet. It examines the orbicularis oculi muscle and its key segments, alongside the malaris band and zygomaticus major, to clarify their roles in smile dynamics, tear regulation, and lymphatic function. Emphasis is placed on anatomical precision, injection safety, and the impact of muscular interconnections on aesthetic outcomes.

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Crow’s Feet: An In-Depth Exploration

  • Ahmad Nazari,
  • Shohreh Ghasemi

摘要

This chapter offers an in-depth anatomical and clinical framework for BoNT-A injections targeting crow’s feet. It examines the orbicularis oculi muscle and its key segments, alongside the malaris band and zygomaticus major, to clarify their roles in smile dynamics, tear regulation, and lymphatic function. Emphasis is placed on anatomical precision, injection safety, and the impact of muscular interconnections on aesthetic outcomes.