Kolkata is the most important city in eastern India which started urbanising in the late seventeenth century, as it became the capital of British India. However, the massive influx of migrant labourers and cross-border migration post-India’s independence in 1947 resulted in huge stress on the unplanned and haphazard urban structure turning the city into an ill-planned metropolis. The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of IPCC released by WGI in August 2021 highlights the climate vulnerability of various regions of the world. The analysis of IPCC WGI Interactive Atlas: Regional information of AR6 report showed that mean temperature increased by around 80% and maximum one-day precipitation by around 50% in the post-industrialisation era occurred after 2015 as compared to the pre-industrialisation era (1850–1900). According to the report, Kolkata was found to have the highest rise in surface air temperature (+2.6 °C) during the span 1950–2018 against the other studied regions across the globe and more than 80% of this total warming is contributed by urban warming, generated from this city itself. This implies that Kolkata stands a high chance of reversing this scenario by proper resilience-building measures. A primary study carried out by our team has assessed that many areas in and around the core area of the city of Kolkata were found to be highly vulnerable to climate change. In view of the findings, we propose a detailed resilience development and adaptation of a plan for the Kolkata region in a holistic approach.