Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis Related to Radiotherapy or Medication
摘要
The antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been recently suggested to conservatively treat ORN or MRONJ due to its promising results. The potential efficacy of aPDT application may be explained by the microbial death and apoptosis process created because of a photooxidation reaction that occurs when a photosensitizing agent (methylene blue, toluidine blue, or malachite green) is irradiated with a luminous source at an appropriate wavelength (red laser at 660 nm). Despite the abovementioned features, literature is not clear for clinicians who search a clear-cut answer regarding the most appropriate aPDT protocol for MRONJ and ORN treatment. However, aPDT allows the clinicians to empirically combine both therapies (aPDT and photobiomodulation), while there are no scientific based protocols available in literature. In this context, NIR laser may to be most appropriated light range to induce healing in bone affected by medications or radiotherapy because its ability to deeply penetrate human tissues.