Infrastructural complications such as transport and communication, small-size financial transactions, and the considerable risk inherently associated with smallholder farm production in Africa often leave most farmers with limited access to adequate financial services. This has enormous negative implications for the productivity of this predominantly agrarian region. While financial inclusion is often positioned as an enabler of sustainable development, existing studies fail to link it with sustainable development, particularly for agrarian communities. This chapter provides insights into how financial inclusion can boost smallholder farmer activities and, thus, grow the agriculture sector. This chapter draws from empirical and non-empirical studies in parts of Africa to show the condition and impact of financial inclusion on smallholder farmers in rural Africa. While the chapter confirms a strong relationship between agricultural credit and productivity, it posits that financial inclusion needs to be understood beyond the mere provisions of financial services, including the provision of the finance itself. For the peasant majorities of the continent, financial inclusion may not be experienced merely by access to financial services. Targeted policies and actions that could include subsidies wield much potential to increase agricultural production and steer the much-needed development in the countryside.