Nanotoxicology is an area of toxicology that explains how nanomaterials affect living things and how their use affects the environment. There is growing concern has been raised regarding plant nanotoxicity because plants are not only an essential component of the ecosystem, but also the foundation of trophic systems. The toxicity of nanomaterials in plants has been assessed using a variety of methods; however, the best approach for doing so is still debated. It is feared that the bioaccumulation of nanoparticles in plants may cause health issues for animals and humans by making their way up the food chain. Thus, there is an immediate need for comprehensive safety research initiatives and legislation. This chapter provides an overview of plant nanotoxicology, including the properties of nanomaterials, plant anatomy and physiology, and current methods for assessing the toxicity of nanoparticles. This will help readers to understand some of the potentially harmful effects of nanomaterials on plants. It also covers how plant cells react to and resist nanoparticles. The field of plant nanotoxicology is described as one that investigates the toxicity processes and effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on plants, including material-specific reactions, surface contacts, and transport. Plant-associated persistent NPs have been found in the human food chain. We documented the presence and characteristics of NPs in the environment and assessed the need for additional studies on toxicological consequences.