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Physiological Phenomena that Cause Troubles and Suffering or Even Death: Part III: Slow Phenoptosis or Aging

  • Giacinto Libertini,
  • Graziamaria Corbi,
  • Olga Shubernetskaya,
  • Klara Komici,
  • Nicola Ferrara

摘要

In the first section, the thesis of aging as a non-adaptive phenomenon will be shown as completely untenable. At the same time, it will be highlighted that various arguments strongly support the thesis of aging as an adaptive phenomenon. In the second section, §8.2 Slow phenoptosis or aging—How we age at the cellular level, the cellular program that determines aging is described. In the third and fourth sub-sections, §8.3 Effects of cellular aging on tissues and organs and §8.4 Effects of cellular aging on the whole organism, the effects of cellular aging on tissues, organs, the entire organism and our state of health are discussed.