In the EU, price discrimination is specifically mentioned as a potential abuse of dominance where a seller applies “dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions” and it will fall within the scope of competition law if the abusive conduct creates anti-competitive effects in competition. Following a similar structure to Chap. 2 , this chapter explores how price discrimination is assessed under EU competition law, supported by case analysis. Section 3.2 examines how to define a dominant market position in the relevant market, while Sect. 3.3 analyzes price discrimination as a specific type of abuse, both theoretically and practically. Given the challenges posed by Big Data and algorithms, the remainder of this book will examine whether this “traditional” approach is also suitable to regulate AI-enabled price discrimination.