Lake Victoria (LV), the world’s second-largest freshwater lake, sustains the livelihoods of over 42 million people and plays a pivotal role in regulating the regional climate. Understanding its dynamic changes—driven by climate variability, climate change, and anthropogenic pressures—is critical for ensuring its long-term sustainability. However, the lake’s vast size poses significant challenges for traditional in-situ monitoring, which is often hampered by sparse data coverage, inconsistencies, and governmental restrictions. To overcome these limitations, innovative approaches such as satellite remote sensing and advanced modeling are essential for comprehensive and accurate assessments.