Tissue engineering, which combines biomaterials, bioengineering, and cell biology, has gained traction for repairing or regenerating tissues. Tendon/ligament tissue engineering primarily involves using scaffolds—biomaterials designed to mimic native tissue characteristics to promote healing. Key biomaterials include collagen, silk, and synthetic polymers, each selected for specific properties like biocompatibility and mechanical strength. Preclinical research using animal models is crucial for evaluating scaffold efficacy and safety before clinical trials, providing insights into factors like biocompatibility and degradation rates. Scaffold types can be biological, synthetic, or composite, with the latter combining the strengths of both natural and synthetic materials to enhance structural complexity. Techniques like 3D printing and electrospinning are advancing scaffold design, allowing for precise control over scaffold architecture and material composition. Stem cells and their secretions, such as exosomes, show significant promise in enhancing tissue regeneration by promoting cellular growth and reducing inflammation. Future research focuses on refining bioreactors and developing tendon/ligament organoids to improve therapeutic outcomes and create more effective treatments for tendon injuries.