MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short non-coding molecules that are vital in biological tissue development and healing. They are found in all biological organisms and are responsible for the expression of various genes which then go onto contribute to a cellular process. Extraction and delivery of miRNA have been challenging as extraction usually results in protein contamination. Delivery methods must provide effective transfection while being safe and without side effects. Besides, the potential therapeutic uses of miRNA detection of miRNA in tissues can have diagnostic value to raise suspicion of early pathogenic processes. In orthopaedics, miRNA can have a significant role to play in early detection of diseases and to augment surgical procedures. Conditions such as osteoarthrosis can be arrested early and could avoid surgeries like joint replacement. Synovitis and unwanted inflammation seen in rheumatoid arthritis can be controlled and downregulated using miRNAs. As research continues and published in pre-clinical studies, we could see use of such therapies in clinical settings shortly.