The growing need to balance infrastructure development with environmental preservation is transforming civil engineering into a field where sustainability and environmental responsibility are paramount. This chapter delves into the application of MATLAB in addressing key sustainability challenges, including climate change mitigation, resource management, and pollution reduction. MATLAB’s computational capabilities enable engineers to model, simulate, and optimize systems that minimize environmental impacts while maximizing efficiency. Key topics explored in this chapter include climate change modeling, renewable energy systems, waste management optimization, and environmental impact assessments. The chapter illustrates how MATLAB can be used to simulate renewable energy outputs, optimize waste treatment processes, and develop strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Through practical examples and case studies, the chapter demonstrates the integration of sustainability metrics into engineering design, allowing engineers to create systems that support sustainable development while meeting functional and economic goals. By the end of this chapter, civil engineers will be equipped with the tools and methodologies needed to tackle modern environmental challenges using MATLAB, fostering innovation and responsible design in the development of infrastructure projects.