In this chapter provides an overview of imaging modalities and techniques used in diagnosing breast pathology, emphasizing advancements from foundational physics to modern innovations. Key topics include conventional and digital mammography, image interpretation within BIRADS frameworks, and imaging for male breast pathology. Special imaging modalities, such as ultrasound, contrast-enhanced mammography, tomosynthesis, and cutting-edge tools like PET mammography and automated ultrasound, are explored. Additionally, the integration of AI and deep learning in image analysis is highlighted. Finally, image-guided biopsy techniques, including fine needle aspiration and stereotactic biopsy, are reviewed for their pivotal role in precise diagnostics.