The goal of this chapter is to describe the resonance and articulation disorders which frequently accompany cleft palate or velopharyngeal dysfunction. Resonance disorders include hypernasality, hyponasality, and mixed or cul de sac resonance. Nasal emission is also discussed. Articulation findings in patients with cleft palate and/or VPD may include phonological errors, oral distortions, and non-oral compensatory articulation errors. The potential impact of inadequate velopharyngeal closure on articulation, and negative implications of compensatory articulation errors on velopharyngeal closure, are discussed, as well as the importance of using accurately attempted oral phonemes during the evaluation of velopharyngeal closure for speech.