Pediatric Radiology has advanced significantly as a subspecialty of radiology. This chapter serves to review the origins of pediatric radiology, the modalities used to image and diagnose disease in children, and the evolution of these modalities through the years. The author also examines the unique psychosocial issues that encompass working with children and the care innovations that have allowed pediatric radiologists to interact with and better serve their patients and improve the quality of care. Finally, newer state-of-the-art imaging techniques are discussed while the current landscape and potential future impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the field of pediatric radiology is explored.