Ethics has long been an important part of medical practice, and rightly so. Ethics lies at the heart of providing compassionate and quality care, as the concepts of ethics, compassion, and quality are virtually inseparable from a healthcare standpoint. When we, as healthcare professionals, engage with patients and their families, a culture of ethics is essential to ensuring that the best diagnosis is given and the strongest course of action is chosen. This is of critical importance with respect to the pediatric population since interventions—or the withholding of them—can have a reverberating impact well into the future. However, the development of mindfulness toward ethics and how it can be operationalized to create a compassionate healthcare environment can be more difficult than one might expect without an understanding of the fundamentals of ethics and how they have been highlighted in profound ethical cases that have existed in medicine. The purpose of this chapter is to expose readers to prominent healthcare challenges, as well as some of the ethical conundrums that have grown out of these healthcare challenges—touching upon the realm of scientific and technological advancement. By the completion of this chapter, readers will be able to discuss the foundational principles of medical ethics and the frameworks for ethical decision-making; articulate how infants, toddlers, children, and adolescents are uniquely affected by medical ethics and how this changes throughout development; apply the foundational principles of medical ethics to healthcare encounters involving children and adolescents; and relate medical ethics to the lives of children and adolescents.