This chapter covers both qualitative and quantitative aspects of cast iron manufacture in a cupola furnace. At the beginning, the advantages and limitations of cupola are highlighted. The construction and operation of the cupola furnace are explained with the aid of reactions, inputs and outputs, and a labeled sketch showing the various zones. A detailed cupola design analysis is presented with reference to dimensions, melting rate, tuyere’s design, and the analysis of air blast volume flow rate. The design of blower fan has been analyzed to enable the determination of the power consumption of blower fan. Additionally, the optimum blast flow rate to achieve the maximum metal superheating has been analyzed, since extensively superheated molten cast iron from a cupola produces good casting results. Cupola charge calculations are discussed covering the charging materials, coke bed charge calculation, and metal charge calculations with emphasis on the prediction of complete chemical analysis of the product: molten cast iron. This chapter contains 29 worked numerical examples, 7 diagrams, 6 tables, 33 equations/formulas, and 6 MCQs with answers given at the end of the book.