Gastric Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (G-POEM)/Peroral Pyloromyotomy
摘要
This chapter provides an overview of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM), a specialized procedure for treating gastroparesis. Gastroparesis is a chronic gastrointestinal condition characterized by delayed gastric emptying, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. It is more common in females and can be caused by various factors including neuromuscular dysfunction, hormonal imbalances, inflammation, diseases like diabetes, and postsurgical dysfunction. The G-POEM procedure is detailed in the chapter. It begins with the patient under general anesthesia, followed by a submucosal injection to lift the mucosa, creating a cushion for safe dissection. A mucosal incision is made, and a submucosal tunnel is created toward the pylorus using an electrosurgical knife. This tunnel is extended through the pyloric ring into the duodenal bulb, with care taken to avoid perforation. A pyloric myotomy is then performed, selectively cutting the pyloric sphincter muscle fibers. The procedure concludes with the closure of the mucosal incision using endoscopic clips to prevent leakage and potential complications. The chapter highlights the outcomes of G-POEM, which include significant symptom reduction, improved quality of life, accelerated gastric emptying, and overall high success rates. It also emphasizes the low overall complication rate, with most complications being manageable without surgical intervention.