Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is increasingly popular due to rising sports participation and heightened expectations among children. This trend reflects the growing emphasis on physical activity and the pursuit of athletic excellence among younger individuals. Favorable clinical outcomes have been reported in pediatric ACL reconstruction, but the surgical approach differs from that in adults due to unique anatomical features and considerations for future growth post-reconstruction. Hence, it is imperative to thoroughly comprehend the embryonic development of the ACL and recognize the differences in pediatric ACL anatomy compared to adults. The ACL begins to appear around the eighth week of gestation and progresses to exhibit a discernible two-bundle structure by 16th week of gestation. Following the initial formation of the ligament, there are no significant organizational or compositional changes throughout the remainder of fetal development. Notably, pediatric ACLs often exhibit two distinct bundles and a relatively more horizontally aligned orientation. The unique anatomical characteristics of the ACL in pediatric individuals may potentially mitigate the influence of the posterior tibial slope on the risk of ACL injury in this population. Despite utilizing physeal-sparing techniques, growth disturbances may still occur, underscoring the importance of recognizing anatomical physis morphology.

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Pediatric ACL-Embryology and Development

  • Yuichi Hoshino,
  • Yuta Nakanishi

摘要

Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is increasingly popular due to rising sports participation and heightened expectations among children. This trend reflects the growing emphasis on physical activity and the pursuit of athletic excellence among younger individuals. Favorable clinical outcomes have been reported in pediatric ACL reconstruction, but the surgical approach differs from that in adults due to unique anatomical features and considerations for future growth post-reconstruction. Hence, it is imperative to thoroughly comprehend the embryonic development of the ACL and recognize the differences in pediatric ACL anatomy compared to adults. The ACL begins to appear around the eighth week of gestation and progresses to exhibit a discernible two-bundle structure by 16th week of gestation. Following the initial formation of the ligament, there are no significant organizational or compositional changes throughout the remainder of fetal development. Notably, pediatric ACLs often exhibit two distinct bundles and a relatively more horizontally aligned orientation. The unique anatomical characteristics of the ACL in pediatric individuals may potentially mitigate the influence of the posterior tibial slope on the risk of ACL injury in this population. Despite utilizing physeal-sparing techniques, growth disturbances may still occur, underscoring the importance of recognizing anatomical physis morphology.