Restore Ecosystems to Cool the Climate
摘要
A healthy rainforest acts as a critical component of a heat pump, whereby the sensible heat at the Earth’s surface is transported as latent heat upward through the air column and, following water vapor condensation, is released once more, as sensible heat, into space. The cooling engendered by evapotranspiration and subsequent cloud-forming is two orders of magnitude greater per surface area than the cooling brought about by carbon sequestration in forming biomass. Over rainforests far from the coastal source of humidity, rainfall and latent heat release on cloud-forming remain as high, if not higher, than at the coast. For this phenomenon of enhanced precipitation, the authors refer to the biotic pump principle in which the implosive, abrupt force of partial pressure reduction, consequent to water vapor condensation, causes the sharp upward flow of air in the air column such as to draw in the humid air of the same latitude ocean. Based on evapotranspiration data and average rainfall over the Amazon Basin, the authors determine that regeneration of tropical rainforests over an area of 2.5 million square kilometers would be the most effective means to combat global warming and would be sufficient for now to stop the planet from heating up further, while the world is decarbonizing the global economy. To be successful, such regeneration would necessitate primarily the restoration of coastal rainforests in order to activate the biotic pump.