This chapter analyzes adaptation and mitigation approaches in Africa and attendant policy and legal frameworks that have been developed. Though Africa is a minor contributor to GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions, it is among the regions of the world that are most vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change as two-thirds of the continent is dependent on rain-fed agriculture. Approaches of climate change adaptation such as changing landscape design, improving agriculture, and managing water effectively and climate change adaptation approaches such as Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are being implemented in Africa. Some legal and policy pathways have been developed; however, it is argued that Africa’s ability to benefit from adaptation and mitigation approaches is greatly limited by the legal, policy, and institutional environment that hinders funding, capacity building, and technological innovation. There is slow pace of efforts to develop and implement the legal and policy pathways which erode confidence that climate adaptation and mitigation approaches in Africa will be effective in efficiently contributing to a reduction of climate change risks in the continent. This chapter analyzes the trends and impacts of climate change in Africa and the legal pathways for mainstreaming climate adaption and mitigation at the international and national levels.