The escalation of greenhouse gases (GHG, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)) in the atmosphere plays a pivotal role in exacerbating global climate change. Croplands can serve as either sources or sinks of these GHGs, modulated by biological processes such as photosynthesis, decomposition, methane oxidation, methanogenesis, nitrification, and denitrification. Climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices (such as no-till or reduce tillage, biochar application, optimal nitrogen application, and cover crop) can remarkedly mitigate soil GHG emissions in croplands, contributing to the broader effort to address global climate change. In this chapter, we synthesize publications related to the impacts of CSA practices on soil GHG emissions and provide case studies of field experiments, meta-analyses, and ecosystem modeling. The chapter commences with a concise introduction, followed by a description of GHG and soil emission processes. The methodologies employed for GHG emission measurements are detailed. Case studies, encompassing field experiments, meta-analysis, and ecosystem modeling, are provided to present a comprehensive understanding. Emphasis is placed on CSA practices including no-till and reduced tillage, biochar application, straw return, controlled N release, and urease and nitrification inhibitors, cover crop, and drip irrigation. Through synthesizing pertinent publications and presenting impactful case studies, this chapter illustrates the complex relationship between CSA practices and GHG emissions. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future studies, aiming to guide research endeavors toward a more resilient and sustainable agriculture.