Infection control is essential in healthcare to limit the spread of infectious organisms. Transmission-based precautions, in addition to standard measures, are vital for preventing the spread of pathogens in settings like hospitals. Infections, caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, can range from mild to life-threatening, such as sepsis. Understanding the “chain of infection” helps break the transmission cycle and reduces infections. This chain includes the infectious organism, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission method, portal of entry, and susceptible host. Standard precautions, including hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE), and proper disposal of sharps, are used for all patients. However, transmission-based precautions-such as isolating patients—are necessary in the case of contact, droplet, or airborne transmission of specific organisms like MRSA, SARS-CoV-2, and M. tuberculosis. New research during the COVID-19 pandemic has clarified facts related to the transmission of infectious respiratory particles, highlighting the importance of distinguishing between droplets and airborne particles. Aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) also pose a risk, and some procedures previously considered AGPs have been removed from the list of AGPs. In healthcare, adapting to transmission-based precautions ensures a safer environment in terms of transmission of infections and prevents healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).