Human Exposure to Trichlorethylene
摘要
Consumer products that contain trichlorethylene are automotive products, highly processed wood, cleaning and polishing agents, chemicals in the leather industry, adhesives, paint-related products, and lubricants. The main use of trichlorethylene is in metal degreasing in all metalworking and maintenance operations to remove oil, grease, waxes, tars, and moisture prior to final surface treatments such as galvanizing, painting, anodizing, and conversion coating applications. Trichlorethylene is used in degreasing in five major industrial groups: furniture and fixtures, finished metal products, electrical and electronic equipment, transportation equipment, and various manufacturing industries. It is also used in the production of plastics, appliances, jewelry, automobiles, plumbing, textiles, paper, glass, and printing. Trichloroethylene is rapidly and extensively absorbed following all routes of exposure and is primarily found in adipose tissue, the brain, muscle, heart, kidney, and liver. Human and animal studies have identified numerous noncancer adverse effects of TCE, including immune dysfunction and nervous system, renal, and liver toxicity. Trichlorethylene causes kidney cancer, liver cancer, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Increased risks at other sites are also suspected, including cancers of the liver, prostate, bladder, and esophagus. Some findings suggested maternal residential exposure to solvents from industrial sources might be associated with elevated childhood cancer risks. Its urinary metabolites are trichloroethanol (THE) and trichloroacetic acid (THAA).