A broad variety of high-molecular-weight organic polymers derived mostly from different petroleum and hydrocarbon derivatives are together referred to as plastic. Plastics are being produced and used at an ever-increasing rate because of their numerous residential and industrial uses. With very few exceptions, a large range of these polymers is not biodegradable. The environment is seriously threatened by the widespread use of plastics, poor waste management, and careless community behaviour about their appropriate disposal. Many stakeholders are becoming increasingly concerned about the need to create creative strategies and policies for managing plastic trash, using biodegradable polymers, particularly in packaging, and educating the public about how to properly dispose of them. The methods used for polymer breakdown nowadays include chemical, thermal, optical, and biological processes. The use of biodegradable plastics for some applications, like packaging or the health sector, is a viable and alluring choice for economic, environmental, and health benefits when appropriate waste management strategies are combined with industrially regulated biodegradation facilities. The categorization of plastics with a focus on biodegradable polymers and its sensible application, the methods of plastic biodegradation that have been identified, the microbes that participate in biodegradation, and the most recent findings in biodegradable plastics research are all highlighted in this study. Along with identifying research gaps in plastic biodegradation, the assessment also suggested future lines of inquiry.