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Cardiovascular disease (CVD), encompassing coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and other related conditions, stands as the leading cause of disability and death worldwide. In Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries, deaths related to CVD are rampant. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on CVD in LAC countries, covering aspects related to its epidemiology, risks, and protective factors, and a critical review of clinical research, public health efforts and research initiatives aimed at advancing CVD health-care services and programs. This chapter has three main objectives. First, we present significant disparities in the prevalence and access to CVD care in low-to-middle LAC countries . A significant finding was the limited availability of methodologically rigorous research studies across the region, as some countries had a higher publication output on the topic than others. . Second, although progress on CVD prevention has been slow and the available data and resources are limited, there has been a steady development of strategies and programs targeting CVD at multiple levels, including the individual, family, community, policy and regional levels. Nonetheless, we present a brief summary of available and possibly efficacious program mechanisms and outcomes to be targeted in clinical interventions for cardiovascular risk management in Latin America and Caribbean countries based on existing literature. We also provide examples of successful primary and secondary prevention strategies developed and implemented in the region for the management of the disease and related risk factors. Third, we emphasize the importance of considering the sociocultural, ethnic, and political factors in the region when designing cost-effective, feasible, and scalable multi-modal interventions for the management and prevention of CVD. We used existing literature and recommendations to present a conceptual model intended to inform the development, testing and implementation of future clinical interventions.

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Cardiovascular Health in Latin American and Caribbean Countries: An Overview of Current Insights and Path Forward

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Leonell Torres-Pagán,
  • Natalia Giraldo-Santiago,
  • Ángel Muñoz-Alicea

摘要

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), encompassing coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and other related conditions, stands as the leading cause of disability and death worldwide. In Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries, deaths related to CVD are rampant. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on CVD in LAC countries, covering aspects related to its epidemiology, risks, and protective factors, and a critical review of clinical research, public health efforts and research initiatives aimed at advancing CVD health-care services and programs. This chapter has three main objectives. First, we present significant disparities in the prevalence and access to CVD care in low-to-middle LAC countries . A significant finding was the limited availability of methodologically rigorous research studies across the region, as some countries had a higher publication output on the topic than others. . Second, although progress on CVD prevention has been slow and the available data and resources are limited, there has been a steady development of strategies and programs targeting CVD at multiple levels, including the individual, family, community, policy and regional levels. Nonetheless, we present a brief summary of available and possibly efficacious program mechanisms and outcomes to be targeted in clinical interventions for cardiovascular risk management in Latin America and Caribbean countries based on existing literature. We also provide examples of successful primary and secondary prevention strategies developed and implemented in the region for the management of the disease and related risk factors. Third, we emphasize the importance of considering the sociocultural, ethnic, and political factors in the region when designing cost-effective, feasible, and scalable multi-modal interventions for the management and prevention of CVD. We used existing literature and recommendations to present a conceptual model intended to inform the development, testing and implementation of future clinical interventions.