In today’s digital age, there are a vast number of studies and extensive research being conducted to advance the healthcare standards of individuals in all areas of healthcare domains. The healthcare industry is constantly evolving and has witnessed a remarkable technological advancement in transforming patient care, diagnosis, treatments methods and pharmaceutical domains. Some of the key areas where technology has made a significant impact is Telemedicine, Electronic Health Records, Wearable Technology, AI and ML, Robotics and 3D printing etc. With the advent of the emerging technological advancements in the healthcare industry, the need to protect healthcare data has become a greater concern. The key reasons are increased data volume, complexity, interoperability and data sharing. Apart from these, the need of regulatory compliance and maintain trust and privacy of the healthcare data weights in robust data security and protection mechanisms to be implemented to safeguard the healthcare information. The goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review of data encryption and protection techniques for both data at rest and in transit. It explores the application-level encryption strategies that are critical in maintaining confidentiality and integrity in handling healthcare data. Along with topics related practical challenges such as key management and maintain a balance between data utility and privacy, the chapter also discusses emerging technologies and future trends in the realm of data security and protection in healthcare such as homomorphic encryption, blockchain, quantum cryptography and the integration of AI in automated data protection processes.