This paper summarises some ongoing experimental research in frame-dragging measurement in which the dynamics of the experiment operate on three distinctly different time scales. The experiment is designed to detect the relativistic effect of frame-dragging on a small test mass, measured on Earth using an instrumented Foucault pendulum. Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM) has been used to develop a simple but sufficiently accurate theoretical model of the frame-dragging effect caused by the massive rotating body of the Earth influencing the motion of the bob of a laboratory-scale Foucault pendulum located in the city of Glasgow. In the experiment the operational time scales relate to the swing of the pendulum which has a natural time constant of a few seconds, the cyclical precession of the pendulum for which the time constant is typically of the order of a day, dependent on location, and finally the many months required to build up the minute frame-dragging signal to a potentially measurable level. The experiment requires careful separation of the signal from the complex noise floor, to enable the numerical calculation of the signal from the measured data, in relation to the fixed inertial frame associated with a suitable guide star and also to the terrestrial location of the laboratory. The measurement must also account for the relatively large effect on the measurement of small natural fluctuations in the acceleration due to gravity at the measurement location. This experiment has been under continuous development since its conception in 2017 and the build and test phases are nearing completion. There have been several important materials considerations, notably in the selection of the pendulum fibre and bob material, and also relating to the electromagnetic performance of the drive system and the instrumentation, all contributing to the reliable continuous operation of the pendulum over time. In this paper these practical issues are summarised, and the roles of the time scales of this experiment are also discussed.

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Multiscale Dynamics of a Foucault Pendulum for Gravitational Measurements

  • Matthew P. Cartmell

摘要

This paper summarises some ongoing experimental research in frame-dragging measurement in which the dynamics of the experiment operate on three distinctly different time scales. The experiment is designed to detect the relativistic effect of frame-dragging on a small test mass, measured on Earth using an instrumented Foucault pendulum. Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM) has been used to develop a simple but sufficiently accurate theoretical model of the frame-dragging effect caused by the massive rotating body of the Earth influencing the motion of the bob of a laboratory-scale Foucault pendulum located in the city of Glasgow. In the experiment the operational time scales relate to the swing of the pendulum which has a natural time constant of a few seconds, the cyclical precession of the pendulum for which the time constant is typically of the order of a day, dependent on location, and finally the many months required to build up the minute frame-dragging signal to a potentially measurable level. The experiment requires careful separation of the signal from the complex noise floor, to enable the numerical calculation of the signal from the measured data, in relation to the fixed inertial frame associated with a suitable guide star and also to the terrestrial location of the laboratory. The measurement must also account for the relatively large effect on the measurement of small natural fluctuations in the acceleration due to gravity at the measurement location. This experiment has been under continuous development since its conception in 2017 and the build and test phases are nearing completion. There have been several important materials considerations, notably in the selection of the pendulum fibre and bob material, and also relating to the electromagnetic performance of the drive system and the instrumentation, all contributing to the reliable continuous operation of the pendulum over time. In this paper these practical issues are summarised, and the roles of the time scales of this experiment are also discussed.