The literature on solar desalination systems has developed considerably over the last few years. There are a few review articles associating environmental impacts and describing methods applied to desalination technologies; however, studies on solar desalination are more limited and have not been examined through the co-occurrence word mapping technique to define the most applicable life cycle analysis method. In this context, this study proposes a total review of 150 papers published in the Scopus database on desalination systems and, finally, a review of 34 papers published in the same database on solar desalination systems from 2005 to 2023, using bibliometric analysis by means of VOSviewer software. The results of the mapping, the co-occurrence network, and the average number of publications per year have been used to identify research fields for the future. The results show an increase in the number of publications over the last 3 years. Finally, the results reveal that the Asian continent has the highest number of publications for the time interval of the analysis.