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Outdoor PM2.5 pollution is considered one of the main environmental risk factors and is linked to respiratory diseases (RDs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are the leading cause of early deaths due to PM2.5 exposure. This issue has become a significant threat to human health and the environment in recent years in the Mekong Delta Region (MDR), particularly Ca Mau Province. This study evaluated PM2.5 pollution distributions for 4 months of the 2020 dry season (from January to April), using numerical simulations from a coupled WRF/CMAQ modeling system. Moreover, a simulation about the reduction potential of daily mean PM2.5 concentrations was estimated using the software of BenMAP-CE to reach the safe threshold according to the Vietnamese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) to identify preventable premature deaths. The outstanding results reported that the concentration of PM2.5 exceeded the thresholds of NAAQS being able to up to 2.29 times, focusing mainly on densely populated urban, industrial processes, and high traffic density. Simultaneously, the outcomes summarized the leading evidence supporting the association between acute PM2.5 exposure and human health, with 222 (95% CI, −10; 342) premature deaths, and also presented the reduction potential of exposure effects due to RDs being significantly higher than CVDs. Although the obtained study results cannot be generalized to the whole year or the entire MDR, these are preliminary attempts to identify and quantify the potential for mitigating acute PM2.5 impacts in Ca Mau Province, which could prompt further studies to evaluate in more detail this issue.

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PM2.5 Pollution Assessment and Quantification of Short-Term Exposure Impacts on Public Health Using a Modeling Approach: A Case Study of Ca Mau Province, Vietnam

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Phong Hoang Nguyen,
  • Duyen Chau My Nguyen,
  • Long Ta Bui

摘要

Outdoor PM2.5 pollution is considered one of the main environmental risk factors and is linked to respiratory diseases (RDs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are the leading cause of early deaths due to PM2.5 exposure. This issue has become a significant threat to human health and the environment in recent years in the Mekong Delta Region (MDR), particularly Ca Mau Province. This study evaluated PM2.5 pollution distributions for 4 months of the 2020 dry season (from January to April), using numerical simulations from a coupled WRF/CMAQ modeling system. Moreover, a simulation about the reduction potential of daily mean PM2.5 concentrations was estimated using the software of BenMAP-CE to reach the safe threshold according to the Vietnamese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) to identify preventable premature deaths. The outstanding results reported that the concentration of PM2.5 exceeded the thresholds of NAAQS being able to up to 2.29 times, focusing mainly on densely populated urban, industrial processes, and high traffic density. Simultaneously, the outcomes summarized the leading evidence supporting the association between acute PM2.5 exposure and human health, with 222 (95% CI, −10; 342) premature deaths, and also presented the reduction potential of exposure effects due to RDs being significantly higher than CVDs. Although the obtained study results cannot be generalized to the whole year or the entire MDR, these are preliminary attempts to identify and quantify the potential for mitigating acute PM2.5 impacts in Ca Mau Province, which could prompt further studies to evaluate in more detail this issue.