The research aims to utilize remote sensing imagery to assess the dynamics of Can Tho city’s green space structure (GSS) from 2005 to 2020 and analyze their relationship with urban heat islands and urbanization indicators, which serves for urban planning efforts. Landsat images were employed to identify spatio-temporal variation of urbanization (NDBI-Built-up Index and MD-Built-up density), temperature (LST (land surface temperature) and SUHI (surface urban heat island)), and landscape indicators. Various landscape indices, including percentage of landscape of class (PLAND), mean patch size (MPS), mean patch shape index (MSI), edge density (ED), mean patch edge (MPE), area weighted mean shape index (AWMSI), median patch size (MedPS), patch size standard deviation (PSSD), and class area (CA), were calculated to quantify the structural attributes of green spaces and then evaluate for their correlation with temperature and urbanization indicators. The results of the correlation assessment revealed a strong negative correlation between urban heat island and landscape indices related to the size and density of green spaces. However, there is a slight negative correlation between surface temperature and landscape indices regarding the shape of green spaces. The research findings provide information supporting urban green space planning efforts aimed at minimizing the urban heat island effect.