Soft sleep surfaces are risk factors for sleep-related infant death. Soft surfaces can conform around an infant’s head leading to rebreathing and suffocation, especially if the infant is placed in, or rolls to, prone position. To reduce these risks, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends infants be placed on a firm surface for every sleep. The AAP also recommends the sleep surface be flat, with no more than a 10° incline. Inclined surfaces may cause the infant to slide down and end up in a position that may compromise their airway or increase rebreathing. A crib, bassinet, portable crib or play yard that meets the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) safety standards is recommended. If a mattress is needed for the sleep surface, the CPSC also provides standards for infant mattresses. Infant caregivers should be advised about safe sleep recommendations during pregnancy and the first year of life. Clinicians are encouraged to describe a safe sleep surface as “hard,” as some caregivers misunderstand the term “firm.” The sleep surface should not indent when pressure is applied. In addition, caregivers should be encouraged to avoid modifications of the sleep surface, though a fitted sheet can be added.