Safe Sleep Recommendations
摘要
Each year in the United States, approximately 3700 infants die from sleep-related infant deaths (such as sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS], ill-defined deaths, and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed). For the past three decades, the American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on SIDS (now known as the AAP Subcommittee on Sudden Unexpected Infant Death [SUID]) has systematically reviewed the epidemiologic evidence on risk factors for sleep-related infant deaths and has released recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment. The most recent (2022) recommendations include back sleep position, a firm noninclined sleep surface, room-sharing without bed-sharing, and avoidance of soft bedding and overheating. Additional recommendations include human milk feeding; avoiding exposure to nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opioids, and illicit drugs; routine immunization; and use of a pacifier. Additional recommendations are provided regarding noninclined sleep surfaces, short-term emergency sleep locations, use of cardboard boxes as a sleep location, bed-sharing, substance use, home cardiorespiratory monitors, and tummy time. Information to assist parents and clinicians in assessing the risk of specific bed-sharing situations is also included. Recommendations are described in detail, along with a brief description of the evidence for each recommendation. When sharing these recommendations with families, it is helpful to provide additional details about the research evidence behind such recommendations.