The Changing Face of Immigrant Entrepreneurship: The Case of Germany
摘要
Migration and immigrant entrepreneurship have attracted increasing interest in recent years. The economic role and potential of immigrant business is not limited to small ethnic businesses that are often perceived as trivial or less impactful, in fact, the mainstream markets are already impregnated with these business activities today illustrating multiple roles, entrepreneurial ‘faces’ and activities in global value chains. The actors doing business and establishing new business are therefore important to capture, as we need to understand who generates the contemporary business potential particularly for new registrations. This is important as a deteriorating business landscape and a negative entrepreneurial ecosystem would generate major economic concerns, while an attractive entrepreneurial ecosystem is fruitful for new business establishment, innovation and economic growth, even national competitiveness. Exploring changes in migration and migrant business establishment and development may provide important indications to enact as a ‘Standort’. This paper explores Germany as the context and asks what the face of entrepreneurship is today in Germany and how immigration influences entrepreneurship in terms of new registrations of businesses. It takes a closer look at the changing face of the immigrant entrepreneurship within the overall entrepreneurship. The contributions suggest that the turbulent times affected business establishments, both for native and for migrant entrepreneurs, but migration has a long-term effect on business generation and new business development. This effect is contextual and related to national frameworks and entrepreneurial ecosystems.