Microalgal production has gained importance as various bioproducts can be derived from biomass processing. Large-scale production growth impacts on the rise of innovations. Microalgae biomass is the main and final product in the market. Techniques for algae production still are followed by extraction of pigments, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Considering the microalgae diversity, non-conventional techniques could be critical for efficient cultivation, biomass processing, and product purification. Therefore, the patent survey includes many focused on industrial cultivation processes applied to microalgae. In this chapter, an overview of the patent survey is presented, from types of reactors, cultivation modes, strategies to increase productivity, reduced cost, biomass harvesting and processing, and final product refinement. It is known that the first patent was registered in 1982 and described the use of microalgae Chlorella extract as a plant growth promoter. After that, no patent was registered for 15 years. This scenario changed in 2015. Currently, microalgae-based patents are being registered in various innovative areas. Those technologies are primarily concentrated on “cultivation area” (C12), including “media culture” (C12N), development of “apparatus for culturing” (C12M), and culturing strategies for “bioproduct synthesis” from microalgae (C12P). This group accounts for more than 89% of microalgae patents. Other representative groups are related to “greenhouse gas mitigation” (Y02) and “effluents treatment” (C02) involving nearly 32% of patents. Following, 15% of registered patents are related to bioproducts derived from microalgae, namely: “ingredient for food or feed” (A23), “oil or lipid” (C11), and “protein and amino acid” (C07). Other minor groups, such as fuel-related technologies (C10L), pharmaceuticals purposes (A61K), and unitary process development (B01D) will also be presented. In this chapter, a brief discussion about each group classification (IPCs and CPCs codes) is included.