Coconut is cultivated in more than 90 countries worldwide. Effective management of palm health requires the ability to distinguish between symptoms of pests, diseases and those of nutritional deficiencies. An extensive examination of the distinguishing traits that set apart these three main groups of plant deformities is presented in this chapter. When pathogens or insects are present, pest and disease symptoms may be showed as localized damage, such as chewed leaves, holes, or distinct patterns of discoloration. Wilting, necrotic patches, and growth deformities brought on by fungal, bacterial, viral, or insect infestations are a few examples of these symptoms. On the other hand, symptoms of nutrient deficiencies usually manifest as more consistent patterns of discolouration or deformity, including interveinal chlorosis, stunted growth, or chlorosis, and they usually impact bigger regions or entire palms as opposed to isolated locations. This chapter delves into a range of visual indicators to precisely pinpoint the root causes of plant stress. For example, fungal infections might result in the production of spores or mycelium, whereas insect damage frequently involves the presence of the pests or their excrement. Conversely, nutrient shortages exhibit observable trends connected to the nutrient’s movement inside the plant. Environmental elements, including soil pH and moisture content, affect the growth of pests and diseases as well as the availability of nutrients. Agronomists, horticulturists, and plant pathologists who want to improve crop production and health will find this to be a useful resource since it uses photographic evidence from coconut to highlight essential symptoms.