Boulevard of American Dreams
摘要
In 1897, a pivotal moment in the history of Cleveland unfolded as oil-magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller bestowed upon the city and its people his namesake Rockefeller Park. Nestled within a ravine carved by the meandering Doan Brook, Rockefeller Park was envisioned by landscape architect Ernest Bowditch in 1894 under the stewardship of the Board of Park Commissioners. At the heart of the park, Bowditch designed a carriage path that would later evolve into Liberty Boulevard, a scenic parkway tracing the course of Doan Brook bordered by walkways, plantings, natural rock formations, and a lagoon. Bowditch’s concept, however, did not foresee the remarkable enhancements that would later elevate Rockefeller Park to global renown. Both of his verdant boulevards—Liberty Boulevard, winding through the center of the ravine, and East Boulevard, straddling its eastern rim—would later become home to a series of cultural gardens celebrating immigration in Cleveland. Today, the Cleveland Cultural Gardens stand as a testament to the transformative power of diversityDiversity and collective agency, a world-class example of how public space can promote inclusivity and foster placemaking. This chapter analyzes the development of the Doan Brook Ravine into Rockefeller Park whose cultural gardens became an international symbol of world peace in the 1930s, urban decline in the 1970s, and renaissance in the present day. It concludes by reassessing the Cleveland Cultural Gardens and their neighborhood periphery in relation to various socio-spatial theories to speculate on their future.