Progressive myopia in children is a topic that is currently experiencing a rapid increase in interest. While research on this topic dates back to the nineteenth century, it has now reached the masses thanks to new treatment options. This chapter reviews different treatment options and evaluates their efficacy in terms of a universal target criterion: the age-matched physiological axial length growth. In addition to background knowledge, practitioners are provided with practical suggestions and helpful tools for implementing, performing and monitoring myopia treatment. By way of introduction, the authors would like to point out that this chapter deals with axial myopia, which develops in childhood or adolescence and progresses from then on. It must be differentiated from congenital syndromic myopia and also from refractive myopia, such as occurs with steep corneal radii.